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· The composition of Icelandic basalt has been identified as tholeiite and contains ∼ 25 wt % of calcium, magnesium and iron oxides (7 wt %–10 wt % Ca; 5 wt %–6 wt % Mg; 7 wt %–13 wt % Fe) with an average porosity of ∼ 8 % based on hydrological and tracer recovery modeling (Alfredsson et al., 2008, 2013; Aradóttir et al., 2012; Matter and Kelemen, 2009; .